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FIGURE 10b: The phylogeny of grasses (Gramineae)
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Divergence
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~ Million years ago
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Earliest land plant fossils
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420
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Origin of angiosperms
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200-340
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Monocot-dicot divergence
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160-240
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Origin of grass family
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65-100
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Oldest known grass fossils
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50-70
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Divergence of the subfamilies
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50-80
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Pooideae (wheat, barley, oat)
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..
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Bambusoideae (rice)
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..
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Panicoideae (maize, sorghum)
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..
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Earliest fossil of the rice lineage
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40
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Divergence of maize and sorghum lineages
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15-20
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Divergence of wheat and barley lineages
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10-14
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Divergence of wheat and rye lineages
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7
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Note: Panicoideae diverged from the Pooideae-Bambusoideae first, followed shortly by divergence of the latter two subfamilies, or authors
suggest that either the Pooideae or the Bambusoideae branched off first. In general, it seems that all three subfamilies diverged about the same time. Some phylogenies divide Bambusoideae into two subfamilies,
Oryzoideae and Bambusoideae.
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FIGURE 10a: The phylogeny of wheat (Triticum ssp.)
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Aegilops species
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Genome designation
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Aegilops bicornis, 2n=2x=14
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Sb
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Aegilops biuncialis, 2n=4x=28
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UMo
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Aegilops caudata, 2n=2x=14
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C
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Aegilops columnaris, 2n=4x=28
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UXt
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Aegilops comosa, 2n=2x=14
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M
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Ae. crassa var. crassa, 2n=4x=28
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DcXc (relative to S)
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Ae. crassa var. glumiaristata, 2n=6x=42
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DcXcD
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Aegilops cylindrica, 2n=4x=28
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DC
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Aegilops heldrichii, 2n=2x=14
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M
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Aegilops juvenalis, 2n=6x=42
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DcXcU
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Aegilops kotschyi, 2n=4x=28
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USl
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Aegilops longissima, 2n=2x=14
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Sl
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Aegilops mutica, 2n=2x=14
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T
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Aegilops ovata, 2n=4x=28
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UMo
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Aegilops recta, 2n=6x=42
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UXtN
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Aegilops searsii, 2n=2x=14
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Ss
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Aegilops sharonensis, 2n=2x=14
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Sl
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Aegilops speltoides, 2n=2x=14
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S
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Aegilops tauschii, 2n=2x=14
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D
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Aegilops triuncialis, 2n=4x=28
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UC
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Aegilops triaristata, 2n=4x=28
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UXt
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Aegilops umbellulata, 2n=2x=14
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U
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Aegilops uniaristata, 2n=2x=14
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N
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Aegilops variabilis, 2n=4x=28
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USl
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Aegilops vavilovii, 2n=6x=42
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DcXcSs
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Aegilops ventricosa, 2n=4x=28
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DN
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FIGURE 11c: sunflower - Sonnenblume f, Helianthus annuus (Compositae)
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Table 0: Re-description of genomes in Aegilops species, modif. after Slageren 1994 and Dvorak 1998; source: http://herbarium.usu.edu/Triticeae/aegsynop.htm
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© by R. Schlegel 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
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